How Does ADHD Medication Work?
When a neuron sends a message to another neuron, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. They need to cross a tiny gap called a synapse.
Certain ADHD medications can make the passing along of these messages more effective. They can either aid in the release of neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors).
Doctors place patients with ADHD with a low dose of medication, and then monitor their reactions. They gradually increase the dosage to discover the "sweet spot," the lowest dose that shows a noticeable improvement in symptoms and has few side effects.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate, the first medication that doctors attempt to use to help ADHD kids, is often Methylphenidate. It works by increasing the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in kids' brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be used under a doctor’s supervision as it is a controlled drug.
The most well-known methylphenidate drug is Ritalin. It comes in immediate-release tablets as well as chewable tablets and capsules. Certain versions of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which may be dangerous for people with Phenylketonuria (an genetic condition that can cause severe intellectual impairment). Be sure to inform your provider about any food allergies you or your child may have.
Researchers have found that methylphenidate can reduce aberrant activity, especially in the accumbens' nucleus as well as a set of brain networks involved in the process of adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is among the most effective drugs to treat ADHD.
Side effects of stimulants include sleepiness, nausea, headaches anxiety, agitation, an agitation and tics. These are not common, but they can be serious. If you notice them, you should call your doctor immediately. Inform your doctor of any allergies, heart disease bipolar disorders, depression or other mental health issues like glaucoma, seizures, or glaucoma. Also, tell them whether your child or you have a history. It is crucial to take your methylphenidate in accordance with the prescription of your doctor.
Amphetamines
Amphetamines can help you focus on your thoughts and block out distractions by speeding up the messages between brain cells. They are among the most popular treatments for ADHD in both adults and children. They boost the levels of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting form. They can be consumed orally or by injection.
Some people are afflicted by the negative side effects of stimulant medication like restlessness or difficulty sleeping, or an increased heart rate and high blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the best one for you. Some people will require multiple prescriptions to achieve the desired outcome.
Stimulant drugs work by affecting two neurotransmitters that are essential to the pre-frontal cortex. It is the part of your brain that regulates emotions and control your behavior. These drugs are prescribed for a wide range of mental health conditions, including ADD/ADHD and other ailments like bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders.
The most popular kinds of stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. The FDA has approved dozens brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in various forms - from short-acting stimulants to longer-acting stimulants. They can be taken orally, or in a injection. Students, truck drivers and teenagers who need more energy to do endurance sports may abuse amphetamines. Amphetamines may cause mental and physical issues when they are misused, especially at higher doses.
Non-stimulant medicines can also be effective in treating ADHD. These include atomoxetine, clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals that stimulants do, but they are less likely to cause the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome.
Short-acting stimulants
These medications are used to treat teens and children suffering from ADHD. They can be taken by mouth or applied on the skin. They are available in liquids and patches as well as pills that can either be chewed or swallowed. They are generally only available with a doctor's prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana) and amphetamines (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants are fast-acting and last from 3 to 6 hours.
These drugs relieve symptoms for 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve relationships and academic performance. They can't correct the root issues that create ADHD. So it's important to use them along with behavior therapy.
It is important to be aware that ADHD medications can cause negative side effects. You might feel sleepy or cranky. You may also feel sleepy. However, these effects are typically small and disappear as the medication is gone from your body. Your doctor may advise you to start with a smaller dose and increase it gradually. They will be watching you or your child to determine whether there are any issues with the medication.
Finding the appropriate medication for your child or yourself could take some time. It is best to be honest with your health care providers and communicate clearly. They may suggest changes in the frequency of medications that you or your child take, or if any medication is needed at any time. They'll also want to know whether your child or you suffers from any other mental or medical health issues.
Intermediate stimulants
Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This helps increase the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemicals that are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain (think of it as your "secretary" in the executive functioning area of your brain). Most kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medication. Your doctor can help you determine the right dosage and medication for you. You may need to try various kinds of medication before you discover the one that is right for you or your children.
You can consume these stimulants in chewable tablets or liquid form. These drugs work quickly and last up to four hours. The "crash effect" is a sign that the medicine wears out. This is evident by a sudden reduction in energy levels as well as an intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine) are also available. They are more complicated and require prescription. They are injected in the bloodstream, and they become active in the red blood cell.
It takes time to find the right medication, dosage, and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will be monitoring your response to the medication and look for any issues like trouble sleeping. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, your doctor will also discuss non-stimulant medications.
Never stop or change your ADHD medication without first consulting with your doctor. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any over-the counter supplements or medications you're taking, as certain of them may interact with some ADHD medications.
Long-acting stimulants
For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications are effective in reducing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior such as fidgeting, impulsivity and fidgeting. They also aid people to focus, finish tasks, and maintain relationships. They might not help reduce moodiness, or other troubling symptoms. They can also cause adverse effects like loss of appetite, insomnia and anxiety. They can also trigger stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure.
These medicines work in phases aiding in the treatment of ADHD symptoms throughout the daytime. Most begin to take effect within 30 to 45 minutes. They fade within 3 to 6 hours. They can be used alone or in conjunction with other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy.
adhd depression medication of these long-acting stimulants, like atomoxetine-ER (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera), can be used all night long and last until the next morning. Some doctors recommend taking them to fill an afternoon trough so that patients do not require a second dose of medication during school or in the afternoon.
Long-acting stimulants aren't able to increase dopamine levels to the same extent as intermediate or short-acting drugs. However, they still increase dopamine levels significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as stimulants with shorter durations.
Long-acting stimulants, due to the potential for adverse reactions they are typically prescribed as a last resort for adults suffering from ADHD and older teens. They can also be used to treat some people suffering from ADHD if other medications haven't helped.
While medication can improve concentration and self-control, it's never the whole answer for those suffering from ADHD. With the help of healthy eating habits, regular sleep and other self-help methods it's often possible to reduce or even eliminate the requirement for ADHD medication.